Rosh Psychiatry Board Practice Exam

Which condition is marked by a person having a preoccupation with perceived defects or flaws in their physical appearance?

1. Body dysmorphic disorder

2. Anorexia nervosa

3. Binge eating disorder

4. Eating disorder not otherwise specified

The correct answer is: Body dysmorphic disorder

Body dysmorphic disorder is characterized by an intense preoccupation with perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance, which may be minor or even imagined. Individuals suffering from this disorder often engage in excessive behaviors such as mirror checking, grooming, or seeking reassurance regarding their appearance. This preoccupation can lead to significant distress and impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. In the context of other conditions listed, anorexia nervosa primarily involves an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image, particularly regarding one's body weight and shape. While body image issues are relevant in anorexia, the specific focus on perceived defects or flaws in appearance aligns more closely with body dysmorphic disorder. Binge eating disorder involves episodes of eating large amounts of food without compensatory behaviors and may not directly relate to concerns about perceived flaws. Eating disorder not otherwise specified is a term used for cases that do not meet the full criteria for anorexia or bulimia but may still involve significant eating disorder symptoms. Thus, the hallmark symptom of preoccupation with perceived defects in appearance distinctly points to body dysmorphic disorder as the most accurate choice.